CPSC Reform Act of 2007
S.2045
Title: A bill to reform the Consumer Product Safety Commission to provide greater protection for children's products, to improve the screening of noncompliant consumer products, to improve the effectiveness of consumer product recall programs, and for other purposes.
Sponsor: Sen Pryor, Mark L. [AR] (introduced 9/12/2007) Cosponsors (8)
Latest Major Action: 10/30/2007 Senate committee/subcommittee actions. Status: Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Ordered to be reported with an amendment in the nature of a substitute favorably.
S 2045 IS
To reform the Consumer Product Safety Commission to provide greater protection for children's products, to improve the screening of noncompliant consumer products, to improve the effectiveness of consumer product recall programs, and for other purposes.
Mr. PRYOR (for himself and Mr. INOUYE) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
To reform the Consumer Product Safety Commission to provide greater protection for children's products, to improve the screening of noncompliant consumer products, to improve the effectiveness of consumer product recall programs, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.
(a) SHORT TITLE- This Act may be cited as the `CPSC Reform Act of 2007'.
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS- The table of contents for this Act is as follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Amendment of Consumer Product Safety Act.
Sec. 3. Reauthorization.
Sec. 4. Personnel.
Sec. 5. Full Commission requirement; interim quorum.
Sec. 6. Submission of copy of certain documents to Congress.
Sec. 7. Public disclosure of information.
Sec. 8. Rulemaking.
Sec. 9. Prohibition on stockpiling under other Commission-enforced statutes.
Sec. 10. Third party certification of children's products.
Sec. 11. Tracking labels for products for children.
Sec. 12. Substantial product hazard reporting requirement.
Sec. 13. Corrective action plans.
Sec. 14. Identification of manufacturer by importers, retailers, and distributors.
Sec. 15. Repeated importation offenses.
Sec. 16. Prohibited acts.
Sec. 17. Penalties.
Sec. 18. Preemption.
Sec. 19. Sharing of information with Federal, State, local, and foreign agencies.
Sec. 20. Bonding.
Sec. 21. Enforcement by State attorneys general.
Sec. 22. Whistleblower protection for manufacturers' employees.
Sec. 23. Ban on children's products containing lead; lead paint rule.
Sec. 24. Cost-benefit analysis under the Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970.
Sec. 25. Completion of upholstered furniture rulemaking.
SEC. 2. AMENDMENT OF CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT.
Except as otherwise expressly provided, whenever in this Act an amendment or repeal is expressed in terms of an amendment to, or repeal of, a section or other provision, the reference shall be considered to be made to a section or other provision of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2051 et seq.).
SEC. 3. REAUTHORIZATION.
(a) IN GENERAL- Section 32 (15 U.S.C. 2081) is amended--
(1) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (d); and
(2) by striking subsections (a) and (b) and inserting the following:
`(a) There are authorized to be appropriated to the Commission for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this Act and any other provision of law the Commission is authorized or directed to carry out--
`(1) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2009;
`(2) $88,500,000 for fiscal year 2010;
`(3) $96,800,000 for fiscal year 2011;
`(4) $106,480,000 for fiscal year 2012;
`(5) $117,128,000 for fiscal year 2013;
`(6) $128,841,000 for fiscal year 2014; and
`(7) $141,725,000 for fiscal year 2015.
`(b) There are authorized to be appropriated to the Commission for the purpose of renovation, repair, reconstruction, re-equipping, and making other necessary capital improvements to the Commission's research, development, and testing facility (including bringing the facility into compliance with applicable environmental, safety, and accessibility standards), $20,000,000 for fiscal years 2009 and 2010.
`(c) There are authorized to be appropriated to the Commission for research, in cooperation with the National Institute of Science and Technology, the Food and Drug Administration, and other relevant Federal agencies into safety issues related to the use of nanotechnology in consumer products, $1,000,000 for fiscal years 2009 and 2010.'.
SEC. 4. PERSONNEL.
(a) PROFESSIONAL STAFF- The Consumer Product Safety Commission shall increase the number of fulltime personnel employed by the Commission to at least 500 by October 1, 2013.
(b) PROFESSIONAL CAREER PATH- The Commission shall develop and implement a professional career development program for professional staff to encourage retention of career personnel and provide professional development opportunities for Commission employees.
(c) CHANGE OF EMPLOYMENT STATUS BY POLITICAL APPOINTEES- An individual who is employed by the Commission as a political appointee (as defined in section 9803 of title 5, United States Code) may not be appointed to a position in the competitive service under chapter 51 of title 5, United States Code, or the Senior Executive Service under subchapter II of chapter 31 of such title, by the Commission less than 1 year after termination of the individual's employment by the Commission as a political appointee unless the appointment is authorized by unanimous vote of the Commission.
(d) PERSONNEL IN IMMEDIATE OFFICE OF COMMISSIONERS- The Commission may not reduce the number of fulltime employees in the immediate office of a commissioner unless the reduction is authorized by unanimous vote of the Commission.
SEC. 5. FULL COMMISSION REQUIREMENT; INTERIM QUORUM.
(a) Number of Commissioners-
(1) IN GENERAL- The Congress finds that it is necessary, in order for the Consumer Product Safety Commission to function effectively and carry out the purposes for which the Consumer Product Safety Act was enacted, for the full complement of 5 members of the Commission to serve and participate in the business of the Commission and urges the President to nominate members to fill any vacancy in the membership of the Commission as expeditiously as practicable.
(2) REPEAL OF LIMITATION- Title III of Public Law 102-389 is amended by striking the first proviso in the item captioned `CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION, SALARIES AND EXPENSES' (15 U.S.C. 2053 note).
(b) TEMPORARY QUORUM- Notwithstanding section 4(d) of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2053(d)), 2 members of the Consumer Product Safety Commission, if they are not affiliated with the same political party, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business for the 9-month period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act.
SEC. 6. SUBMISSION OF COPY OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS TO CONGRESS.
(a) IN GENERAL- Notwithstanding any rule, regulation, or order to the contrary, the Commission shall comply with the requirements of section 27(k) of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2076) with respect to budget recommendations, legislative recommendations, testimony, and comments on legislation submitted by the Commission to the President or the Office of Management and Budget after the date of enactment of this Act.
(b) REINSTATEMENT OF REQUIREMENT- Section 3003(d) of Public Law 104-66 (31 U.S.C. 1113 note) is amended--
(1) by striking `or' after the semicolon in paragraph (31);
(2) by redesignating paragraph (32) as (33); and
(3) by inserting after paragraph (31) the following:
`(32) section 27(k) of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2076(k)); or'.
SEC. 7. PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION.
Section 6 (15 U.S.C. 2055) is amended--
(1) by inserting `A manufacturer or private labeler shall submit any such mark within 15 calendar days after the date on which it receives the Commission's offer.' after `paragraph (2).' in subsection (a)(3); and
(2) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following:
`(b)(1) Except as provided by paragraph (3) of this subsection, prior to its public disclosure of any information obtained under this Act, or to be disclosed to the public in connection therewith (unless the Commission finds that the public health and safety requires otherwise), the Commission shall, to the extent practicable, notify and provide a summary of the information to, each manufacturer or private labeler of any consumer product to which such information pertains, if the manner in which such consumer product is to be designated or described in such information will permit the public to ascertain readily the identity of such manufacturer or private labeler, and shall provide such manufacturer or private labeler not less than 15 days to submit comments to the Commission as to the veracity of such information.
`(2) In disclosing any information under this subsection, the Commission may, and upon the request of the manufacturer or private labeler shall, include with the disclosure any comments or other information or a summary thereof submitted under paragraph (1) by such manufacturer or private labeler as an addendum.
`(3) Paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection do not apply to the public disclosure of information about any consumer product--
`(i) with respect to which the Commission has filed an action under section 12;
`(ii) with respect to which the Commission has issued a complaint under section 15(c) or (d) alleging that such product presents a substantial product hazard; or
`(iii) which the Commission has reasonable cause to believe is in violation of section 19 (relating to prohibited acts).
`(4) The Commission may not disclose the names or addresses of consumers pursuant to its authority under this section.'.
SEC. 8. RULEMAKING.
(a) ANPR Requirement-
(1) IN GENERAL- Section 9 (15 U.S.C. 2058) is amended--
(A) by striking `shall be commenced' in subsection (a) and inserting `may be commenced';
(B) by striking `in the notice' in subsection (b) and inserting `in a notice';
(C) by striking `unless, not less than 60 days after publication of the notice required in subsection (a), the' in subsection (c) and inserting `unless the';
(D) by inserting ` or notice of proposed rulemaking' after `advance notice of proposed rulemaking' in subsection (c); and
(E) by striking `an advance notice of proposed rulemaking under subsection (a) relating to the product involved,' in the third sentence of subsection (c) and inserting `the notice'.
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT- Section 5(a)(3) (15 U.S.C. 2054(a)(3)) is amended by striking `an advance notice of proposed rulemaking or'.
(b) Rulemaking Under Federal Hazardous Substances Act-
(1) IN GENERAL- Section 3(a) of the Federal Hazardous Substances Act (15 U.S.C. 1262(a)) is amended to read as follows:
`(a) IN GENERAL- Whenever in the judgment of the Commission such action will promote the objectives of this Act by avoiding or resolving uncertainty as to its application, the Commission may by regulation declare to be a hazardous substance, for the purposes of this Act, any substance or mixture of substances, which it finds meets the requirements section 2(f)(1)(A).'.
(2) Procedure-
(A) Section 2(q)(2) of the Federal Hazardous Substances Act (15 U.S.C. 1261(q)(2)) is amended by striking `Proceedings for the issuance, amendment, or repeal of regulations pursuant to clause (B) of subparagraph (1) of this paragraph shall be governed by the provisions of sections 701(e), (f), and (g) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act: Provided, That if' and inserting `Proceedings for the issuance, amendment, or repeal of regulations pursuant to clause (B) of subparagraph (1) of this paragraph shall be governed by the provisions of subsections (f) through (i) of section 3 of this Act, except that if'.
(B) Section 3(a)2 of the Federal Hazardous Substances Act (15 U.S.C. 1262(a)2) is amended to read as follows:
`(2) Proceedings for the issuance, amendment, or repeal of regulations under this subsection and the admissibility of the record of such proceedings in other proceedings, shall be governed by the provisions of subsections (f) through (i) of this section.'.
(3) ANPR REQUIREMENT- Section 3 of the Federal Hazardous Substances Act (15 U.S.C. 1262) is amended--
(A) by striking `shall be commenced' in subsection (f) and inserting `may be commenced';
(B) by striking `in the notice' in subsection (g)(1) and inserting `in a notice'; and
(C) by striking `unless, not less than 60 days after publication of the notice required in subsection (f), the' in subsection (h) and inserting `unless the'.
(4) OTHER CONFORMING AMENDMENTS- The Federal Hazardous Substances Act (15 U.S.C. 1261 et seq.) is amended--
(A) by striking paragraph (d) of section 2 and inserting the following:
`(d) The term `Commission' means the Consumer Product Safety Commission.';
(B) by striking `Secretary' each place it appears and inserting `Commission' except--
(i) in section 10(b) (15 U.S.C. 1269);
(ii) in section 14 (15 U.S.C. 1273); and
(iii) in section 21(a) (15 U.S.C. 1276(a));
(C) by striking `Department' each place it appears, except in section 14(b), and inserting `Commission';
(D) by striking `he' and `his' each place they appear in reference to the Secretary and inserting `it' and `its', respectively;
(E) by striking `Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare' each place it appears in section 10(b) (15 U.S.C. 1269(b) and inserting `Commission';
(F) by striking `Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare' each place it appears in section 14 (15 U.S.C. 1273) and inserting `Commission';
(G) by striking `Department of Health, Education, and Welfare' in section 14(b) (15 U.S.C. 1273(b)) and inserting `Commission';
(H) by striking `Consumer Product Safety Commission' each place it appears and inserting `Commission'; and
(I) by striking `(hereinafter in this section referred to as the `Commission')' in section 20(a)(1) (15 U.S.C. 1275(a)(1)).
SEC. 9. PROHIBITION ON STOCKPILING UNDER OTHER COMMISSION-ENFORCED STATUTES.
Section 9(g)(2) (15 U.S.C. 2058(g)(2)) is amended--
(1) by inserting `or to which a rule under any other law enforced by the Commission applies,' after `applies,'; and
(2) by striking `consumer product safety' the second, third, and fourth places it appears.
SEC. 10. THIRD PARTY CERTIFICATION OF CHILDREN'S PRODUCTS.
(a) IN GENERAL- Section 14(a) (15 U.S.C. 2063(a)) is amended--
(1) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (5) and indenting the margin of such paragraph, as so redesignated, 2 ems from the left margin;
(2) by resetting paragraph (1) as a new paragraph indented 2 ems from the left margin;
(3) by striking `Every manufacturer' in paragraph (1) and inserting `Except as provided in paragraph (2), every manufacturer';
(4) by designating the second and third sentences of subsection (a) as paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively, and indenting the margin of such paragraphs, as so designated, 2 ems from the left margin;
(5) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
`(2) Every manufacturer of a children's product (and the private labeler of such product if it bears a private label) which is subject to a consumer product safety standard under this Act, or a rule under this or any other Act enforced by the Commission declaring a consumer product a banned hazardous product, shall--
`(A) have the product tested by a nongovernmental independent third party qualified to perform such tests or testing programs; and
`(B) issue a certification which shall--
`(i) certify that such product conforms to such consumer product safety standard or is not a banned hazardous product under such rule; and
`(ii) specify the consumer product safety standard or such rule.';
(6) by striking `Such certificate shall' in paragraph (3) as redesignated by paragraph (1) and inserting `A certificate required under this subsection shall'; and
(7) in paragraph (5), as redesignated by paragraph (1)--
(A) by striking `required by paragraph (1) of this subsection' and inserting `required by paragraph (1) or (2) (as the case may be)'; and
(B) by striking `requirement under paragraph (1)' and inserting `requirement under paragraph (1) or (2) (as the case may be)'.
(b) Section 14(b) (15 U.S.C. 2063(b)) is amended--
(1) by resetting paragraph (1) an indented paragraph 2 ems from the left margin;
(2) by designating the second sentence as paragraph (2) and indenting the margin of such paragraph, as so designated, 2 ems from the left margin; and
(3) in paragraph (2), as so designated, by striking `Any test or' and inserting `Except as provided in paragraph (3), any test or'.
(c) Definition of Children's Products and Independent Third Party- Section 14 (15 U.S.C. 2063) is amended by adding at the end the following:
`(d) Application to Other Consumer Products; Certifier Standards; Audit-
`(1) In general- The Commission--
`(A) as soon as practicable after the date of enactment of the CPSC Reform Act of 2007 shall by rule--
`(i) establish protocols and standards--
`(I) for credentialing independent third parties qualified to perform tests or testing programs under this section; and
`(II) for verifying that products tested by such independent third parties comply with consumer product safety standards and with applicable product standards under other Acts enforced by the Commission;
`(ii) prescribe eligibility, inspection, and certification standards for independent third party entities engaged in certifying compliance under subsection (a)(2) for children's products or products to which the Commission extends the certification requirements of that subsection;
`(iii) establish requirements for testing, no less frequently than biennially, of random samples of products certified under this section to determine whether they meet the requirements for certification;
`(iv) establish requirements for periodic audits of such entities by the Governmental Accountability Office or a nongovernmental auditing organization; and
`(v) establish a program by which manufacturers may label products as compliant with the certification requirements of subsection (a)(2); and
`(B) may by rule extend the certification requirements of subsection (a)(2) to other consumer products or to classes or categories of consumer products;
`(2) EFFECTIVE DATE OF REQUIREMENTS- The certification and testing requirements of subsection (a)(2) of this section, as amended by the CPSC Reform Act of 2007, shall take effect 30 days after the date of enactment of that Act and shall apply without regard to whether the Commission has issued guidance or a rule under paragraph (1)(A) of this subsection.'.
`(e) Definitions- In this section:
`(1) CHILDREN'S PRODUCT- The term `children's product' means a product (other than a medication, drug, or food) designed or intended for use by, or care of, a child under 7 years of age that is introduced into the interstate stream of commerce. In determining whether a product is intended for use by a child under 7 years of age, the following factors shall be considered:
`(A) A statement by a manufacturer about the intended use of such product, including a label on such product, if such statement is reasonable.
`(B) The context and manner of the advertising, promotion, and marketing associated with the product.
`(C) Whether the product is commonly recognized by consumers as being intended for use by a child under 7 years of age.
`(D) The Age Determination Guideline issued by the Consumer Product Safety Commission in September 2002 and any subsequent version of such Guideline.
`(2) INDEPENDENT THIRD PARTY- The term `independent third party', with respect to a testing entity, means an independent testing entity that is physically separate from any manufacturer or private labeler whose product will be tested by such entity, and is not owned, managed, controlled, or directed by such manufacturer or private labeler.'.
(d) Label and Certification- Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Consumer Product Safety Commission shall prescribe a rule in accordance with section 14(a)(5) and (d) of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2063(a)(5) and (d)) for children's products (as defined in subsection (e) of such section).
(e) PROHIBITION ON IMPORTS OF CHILDREN'S PRODUCTS WITHOUT THIRD PARTY TESTING CERTIFICATION- Section 17(a) (15 U.S.C. 2066(a)) is amended--
(1) by striking `or' at the end of paragraph (4);
(2) by striking `(g).' in paragraph (5) and inserting a `(g); or'; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
`(6) is a children's product, as that term is defined in section 14(e), (or a product for which the Commission, under section 14(d)(1), has required certification under section 14(a)(2)) that is not accompanied by a certificate from an independent third party as required by section 14(a)(2).'.
SEC. 11. TRACKING LABELS FOR PRODUCTS FOR CHILDREN.
Section 14(a) of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2063(a)), as amended by section 10(a), is further amended by adding at the end thereof the following:
`(6) The manufacturer of a children's product or other consumer product (as may be required by the Commission in its discretion after a rulemaking proceeding) shall place distinguishing marks on the product or its packaging that will enable the ultimate purchaser to ascertain the source, date, and cohort (including the batch, run number, or other identifying characteristic) of production of the product by reference to those marks.'.
SEC. 12. SUBSTANTIAL PRODUCT HAZARD REPORTING REQUIREMENT.
Section 15(b) (15 U.S.C. 2064(b)) is amended--
(1) by striking `consumer product distributed in commerce,' and inserting `consumer product (or other product or substance over which the Commission has jurisdiction under this or any other Act) distributed in commerce,';
(2) by redesignating paragraphs (2) and (3) as paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively; and
(3) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
`(2) fails to comply with any rule or standard promulgated by the Commission under this or any other Act;'.
SEC. 13. CORRECTIVE ACTION PLANS.
Section 15(d) (15 U.S.C. 2064(d)) is amended--
(1) by inserting `(1)' after `Action Plan- ';
(2) by redesignating paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) as subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C);
(3) by striking `more (A)' in subparagraph (C), as redesignated, and inserting `more (i)';
(4) by striking `or (B)' in subparagraph (C), as redesignated, and inserting `or (ii)';
(5) by striking `whichever of the following actions the person to whom the order is directed elects:' and inserting `any one or more of the following actions it determines to be in the public interest:';
(6) by inserting `(2)' before `An order';
(7) by striking `satisfactory to the Commission,' and inserting `for approval by the Commission,'; and
(8) by adding at the end the following:
`(3)(A) If the Commission approves an action plan, it shall indicate its approval in writing.
`(B) If the Commission finds that an approved action plan is not effective, or that the manufacturer, retailer, or distributor is not executing an approved action plan effectively, the Commission may by order amend, or require amendment of, the action plan.
`(C) If the Commission determines, after notice and opportunity for comment, that a manufacturer, retailer, or distributor has failed to comply substantially with its obligations under its action plan, the Commission may revoke its approval of the action plan. Upon receipt of notice of a revocation of the action plan, the manufacturer, retailer, or distributor shall cease further distribution in commerce of the product to which the action plan applies.'.
SEC. 14. IDENTIFICATION OF MANUFACTURER BY IMPORTERS, RETAILERS, AND DISTRIBUTORS.
Section 16 (15 U.S.C. 2065) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following:
`(c) Upon request by an officer or employee duly designated by the Commission--
`(1) every importer, retailer, or distributor of a consumer product (or other product or substance over which the Commission has jurisdiction under this or any other Act) shall identify the manufacturer of that product by name, address, or such other identifying information as the officer or employee may request; and
`(2) every manufacturer shall identify by name, address, or such other identifying information as the officer or employee may request--
`(A) each retailer or distributor to which it supplied a given consumer product (or other product or substance over which the Commission has jurisdiction under this or any other Act);
`(B) each subcontractor involved in the production or fabrication or such product or substance; and
`(C) each subcontractor from which it obtained a component thereof.'.
SEC. 15. REPEATED IMPORTATION OFFENSES.
Section 17 (15 U.S.C. 2066) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following:
`(i) The Commission may--
`(1) designate as a repeat offender, after notice and an opportunity for a hearing, any person found by the Commission to have committed multiple violations of subsection (a); and
`(2) refer any such person to United States Customs and Border Protection with a recommendation that the person's import license be terminated in accordance with that agency's procedures.'.
SEC. 16. PROHIBITED ACTS.
(a) SALE OF RECALLED PRODUCTS- Section 19(a) (15 U.S.C. 2068(a)) is amended--
(1) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following:
`(1) sell, offer for sale, manufacture for sale, distribute in commerce, or import into the United States any consumer product, or other product or substance that is regulated under any other Act enforced by the Commission, that is--
`(A) not in conformity with an applicable consumer product safety standard under this Act, or any similar rule under any such other Act;
`(B) subject to voluntary corrective action taken by the manufacturer, in consultation with the Commission, of which action the Commission has notified the public; or
`(C) subject to an order issued under section 12 or 15 of this Act, designated a banned hazardous substance under the Federal Hazardous Substances Act (15 U.S.C. 1261 et seq.);';
(2) by striking `or' after the semicolon in paragraph (7);
(3) by striking `and' after the semicolon in paragraph (8);
(4) by striking `insulation).' in paragraph (9) and inserting `insulation);'; and
(5) by striking `18(b).' in paragraph (10) and inserting `18(b); or'.
(b) Export of Recalled Products-
(1) IN GENERAL- Section 18 (15 U.S.C. 2067) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following:
`(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Commission may prohibit a person from exporting from the United States for purpose of sale any consumer product, or other product or substance that is regulated under any other Act enforced by the Commission, that the Commission determines, after notice to the manufacturer--
`(1) is not in conformity with an applicable consumer product safety standard under this Act or with a similar rule under any such other Act;
`(2) is subject to an order issued under section 12 or 15 of this Act or designated as a banned hazardous substance under the Federal Hazardous Substances Act (15 U.S.C. 1261 et seq.); or
`(3) is subject to voluntary corrective action taken by the manufacturer, in consultation with the Commission, of which action the Commission has notified the public and would have been subject to mandatory corrective action under this or another Act enforced by the Commission if voluntary corrective action had not been taken by the manufacturer.'.
(2) PENALTY- Section 19(a) (15 U.S.C. 2068(a)), as amended by subsection (a), is further amended--
(A) by striking `or' after the semicolon in paragraph (10);
(B) by striking `37.' in paragraph (11) and inserting `37; or'; and
(C) by adding at the end thereof the following:
`(12) violate an order of the Commission under section 18(c).'.
(3) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS TO OTHER ACTS-
(A) FEDERAL HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES ACT- Section 5(b)(3) of the Federal Hazardous Substances Act (15 U.S.C. 1264(b)(3)) is amended by striking `substance presents an unreasonable risk of injury to persons residing in the United States,' and inserting `substance is prohibited under section 18(c) of the Consumer Product Safety Act,'.
(B) FLAMMABLE FABRICS ACT- Section 15 of the Flammable Fabrics Act (15 U.S.C. 1202) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following:
`(d) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Consumer Product Safety Commission may prohibit a person from exporting from the United States for purpose of sale any fabric, related material, or product that the Commission determines, after notice to the manufacturer--
`(1) is not in conformity with an applicable consumer product safety standard under the Consumer Product Safety Act or with a rule under this Act;
`(2) is subject to an order issued under section 12 or 15 of that Act or designated as a banned hazardous substance under the Federal Hazardous Substances Act (15 U.S.C. 1261 et seq.); or
`(3) is subject to voluntary corrective action taken by the manufacturer, in consultation with the Commission, of which action the Commission has notified the public and would have been subject to mandatory corrective action under this or another Act enforced by the Commission if voluntary corrective action had not been taken by the manufacturer.'.
(c) FALSE CERTIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE WITH TESTING LABORATORY STANDARD- Section 19(a) (15 U.S.C. 2068(a)), as amended by subsection (b)(2), is further amended--
(1) by striking `or' after the semicolon in paragraph (11);
(2) by striking `18(c).' in paragraph (12) and inserting `18(c); or'; and
(3) by adding at the end thereof the following:
`(13) sell, offer for sale, distribute in commerce, or import into the United States any consumer product bearing a false certification mark of compliance with a standard established by a nationally recognized testing laboratory.'.
(d) MISREPRESENTATION OF INFORMATION IN INVESTIGATION- Section 19(a) (15 U.S.C. 2068(a)), as amended by subsection (c), is further amended--
(1) by striking `or' after the semicolon in paragraph (12);
(2) by striking `laboratory.' in paragraph (13) and inserting `laboratory; or'; and
(3) by adding at the end thereof the following:
`(14) to misrepresent to any officer or employee of the Commission the scope of consumer products subject to an action required under section 12 or subsection (c) or (d) of section 15, or to make a material misrepresentation to such an officer or employee in the course of an investigation under this Act.'.
(e) CERTIFICATES OF COMPLIANCE WITH MANDATORY STANDARDS- Section 19(a)(6) (15 U.S.C. 2068(a)(6)) is amended to read as follows:
`(6) fail to furnish a certificate required by this Act or any other Act enforced by the Commission, or to issue a false certificate if such person in the exercise of due care has reason to know that the certificate is false or misleading in any material respect; or to fail to comply with any rule under section 14(c);'.
SEC. 17. PENALTIES.
(a) Civil Penalties-
(1) IN GENERAL- Section 20(a) (15 U.S.C. 2069(a)) is amended--
(A) by striking `$5,000' and inserting `$250,000';
(B) by striking `$1,250,000' each place it appears and inserting `$100,000,000'; and
(3) by striking `December 31, 1994,' in paragraph (3)(B) and inserting `December 31, 2011,'.
(2) FEDERAL HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES ACT- Section 15(c) of the Federal Hazardous Substances Act (15 U.S.C. 1264(c)) is amended--
(A) by striking `$5,000' in paragraph (1) and inserting `$250,000';
(B) by striking `$1,250,000' each place it appears in paragraph (1) and inserting `$100,000,000'; and
(3) by striking `December 31, 1994,' in paragraph (6)(B) and inserting `December 31, 2011,'.
(3) FLAMMABLE FABRICS ACT- Section 5(e) of the Flammable Fabrics Act (15 U.S.C. 1194(e)) is amended--
(A) by striking `$5,000' in paragraph (1) and inserting `$250,000';
(B) by striking `$1,250,000' in paragraph (1) and inserting `$100,000,000'; and
(3) by striking `December 31, 1994,' in paragraph (5)(B) and inserting `December 31, 2011,'.
(b) Criminal Penalties-
(1) IN GENERAL- Section 21(a) (15 U.S.C. 2070(a)) is amended to read as follows:
`(a) Violation of section 19 of this Act is punishable by--
`(1) imprisonment for not more than 1 year for a knowing violation of that section, or
`(2) imprisonment for not more than 5 years for a knowing and willful violation of that section, and
`(3) a fine determined under section 3571 of title 18, United States Code.'.
(2) DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, AND AGENTS- Section 21(b) (15 U.S.C. 2070(b)) is amended--
(A) by striking `and willfully'; and
(B) by striking `19, and who has knowledge of notice of noncompliance received by the corporation from the Commission,' and inserting `19'.
(3) UNDER THE FEDERAL HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES ACT- Section 5(a) of the Federal Hazardous Substances Act (15 U.S.C. 1264(a)) is amended to read as follows:
`(a) IN GENERAL- Violation of section 4 of this Act is punishable by--
`(1) imprisonment for not more than 1 year for a knowing violation of that section;
`(2) imprisonment for not more than 5 years for a knowing and willful violation of that section; and
`(3) a fine determined under section 3571 of title 18, United States Code.'.
(c) CIVIL PENALTY CRITERIA- Within a year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Consumer Product Safety Commission shall initiate a rulemaking to establish criteria for the imposition of civil penalties under section 20 of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2069) authorized by that section, including factors to be considered in establishing the amount of such penalties, such as repeat violations, degree of risk to the public, nature of the hazard, the precedential value of prior adjudicated penalties, and other circumstances.
(d) CRIMINAL PENALTIES TO INCLUDE ASSET FORFEITURE- Section 21 (15 U.S.C. 2070) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following:
`(c)(1) In addition to the penalty provided by subsection (a), the penalty for a criminal violation of this Act or any other Act enforced by the Commission may include the forfeiture of assets associated with the violation.
`(2) In this subsection, the term `criminal violation' means a violation of this Act of any other Act enforced by the Commission for which the violator is sentenced to pay a fine, be imprisoned, or both.'.
SEC. 18. PREEMPTION.
(a) IN GENERAL- Section 26 (15 U.S.C. 2075) is amended--
(1) by striking `Whenever' in subsection (a) and inserting `Except as provided in subsections (c) and (d), whenever'; and
(2) by adding at the end thereof the following:
`(d) Rule for Post-2007 Consumer Product Safety Standards- No consumer product safety standard promulgated by the Commission after the date of enactment of the CPSC Reform Act of 2007, or any other action taken by the Commission after that date, shall preempt any State or local law to an extent greater than permitted under subsection (a), as limited by subsection (c)'.
(b) MATTRESS FLAMMABILITY STANDARD PREAMBLE NOT PREEMPTIVE- Notwithstanding section N of the preamble to the Final Rule: Standard for the Flammability (Open Flame) of Mattress Sets promulgated by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (71 Fed. Reg. 13496), part 1633 of title 16, Code of Federal Regulations, does not limit the rights of a State or political subdivision thereof under section 26 (b) or (c) of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2075 (b) or (c), respectively).
SEC. 19. SHARING OF INFORMATION WITH FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL, AND FOREIGN GOVERNMENT AGENCIES.
Section 29 (15 U.S.C. 2078) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following:
`(f)(1) The Commission may make information obtained by the Commission under section 6 available to any Federal, State, local, or foreign government agency upon the prior certification of an appropriate official of any such agency, either by a prior agreement or memorandum of understanding with the Commission or by other written certification, that such material will be maintained in confidence and will be used only for official law enforcement or consumer protection purposes, if--
`(A) the agency has set forth a bona fide legal basis for its authority to maintain the material in confidence;
`(B) the materials are to be used for purposes of investigating, or engaging in enforcement proceedings related to, possible violations of--
`(i) laws regulating the manufacture, importation, distribution, or sale of defective or unsafe consumer products, or other practices substantially similar to practices prohibited by any law administered by the Commission;
`(ii) a law administered by the Commission, if disclosure of the material would further a Commission investigation or enforcement proceeding; or
`(iii) with respect to a foreign law enforcement agency, with the approval of the Attorney General, other foreign criminal laws, if such foreign criminal laws are offenses defined in or covered by a criminal mutual legal assistance treaty in force between the government of the United States and the foreign law enforcement agency's government; and
`(C) the foreign government agency is not from a foreign state that the Secretary of State has determined, in accordance with section 6(j) of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2405(j)), has repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism, unless and until such determination is rescinded pursuant to section 6(j)(4) of that Act (50 U.S.C. App. 2405(j)(4)).
`(2)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, the Commission shall not be required to disclose under section 552 of title 5, United States Code, or any other provision of law--
`(i) any material obtained from a foreign government agency, if the foreign government agency has requested confidential treatment, or has precluded such disclosure under other use limitations, as a condition of providing the material;
`(ii) any material reflecting a consumer complaint obtained from any other foreign source, if that foreign source supplying the material has requested confidential treatment as a condition of providing the material; or
`(iii) any material reflecting a consumer complaint submitted to a Commission reporting mechanism sponsored in part by foreign government agencies.
`(B) Nothing in this subsection shall authorize the Commission to withhold information from the Congress or prevent the Commission from complying with an order of a court of the United States in an action commenced by the United States or the Commission.
`(3) In this subsection, the term `foreign government agency' means--
`(A) any agency or judicial authority of a foreign government, including a foreign state, a political subdivision of a foreign state, or a multinational organization constituted by and comprised of foreign states, that is vested with law enforcement or investigative authority in civil, criminal, or administrative matters; and
`(B) any multinational organization, to the extent that it is acting on behalf of an entity described in subparagraph (A).'.
SEC. 20. BONDING.
The Act (15 U.S.C. 2051 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following:
`BOND AUTHORITY
`SEC. 39. The Commission, in a rulemaking proceeding, may require manufacturers or distributors of a consumer product, a category or class of consumer products, or any product or substance regulated under any other law enforced by the Commission, to post a bond (or other security acceptable to the Commission) in an amount sufficient to cover the costs of an effective recall of the product or substance, or, in the case of an imported product or substance, to cover the costs of holding the product or substance at the port and destruction of the product should such action be required by the Commission under this Act.'.
SEC. 21. ENFORCEMENT BY STATE ATTORNEYS GENERAL.
The Act (15 U.S.C. 2051 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 26 the following:
`ENFORCEMENT BY STATE ATTORNEYS GENERAL
`SEC. 26A. (a) Except as provided in subsection (f), a State, as parens patriae, may bring a civil action on behalf of its residents in an appropriate State or district court of the United States to enforce the provisions of this Act or any other Act enforced by the Commission, to obtain damages, restitution, or other compensation on behalf of such residents, or to obtain such further and other relief as the court may deem appropriate, whenever the attorney general of the State has reason to believe that the interests of the residents of the State have been or are being threatened or adversely affected by a manufacturer, distributor, or retailer entity that violates this Act or a regulation under this Act.
`(b) The State shall serve written notice to the Commission of any civil action under subsection (a) at least 60 days prior to initiating such civil action. The notice shall include a copy of the complaint to be filed to initiate such civil action, except that if it is not feasible for the State to provide such prior notice, the State shall provide such notice immediately upon instituting such civil action.
`(c) Upon receiving the notice required by subsection (b), the Commission may intervene in such civil action and upon intervening--
`(1) be heard on all matters arising in such civil action; and
`(2) file petitions for appeal of a decision in such civil action.
`(d) For purposes of bringing any civil action under subsection (a), nothing in this section shall prevent the attorney general of a State from exercising the powers conferred on the attorney general by the laws of such State to conduct investigations or to administer oaths or affirmations or to compel the attendance of witnesses or the production of documentary and other evidence.
`(e) In a civil action brought under subsection (a)--
`(1) the venue shall be a judicial district in which--
`(A) the manufacturer, distributor, or retailer operates; or
`(B) the manufacturer, distributor, or retailer was authorized to do business;
`(2) process may be served without regard to the territorial limits of the district or of the State in which the civil action is instituted; and
`(3) a person who participated with a manufacturer, distributor, or retailer in an alleged violation that is being litigated in the civil action may be joined in the civil action without regard to the residence of the person.
`(f) If the Commission has instituted a civil action or an administrative action for violation of this Act, no State attorney general, or official or agency of a State, may bring an action under this subsection during the pendency of that action against any defendant named in the complaint of the Commission for any violation of this Act alleged in the complaint.
`(g) If the attorney general of the State prevails in any civil action under subsection (a), it can recover reasonable costs and attorney fees from the manufacturer, distributor, or retailer.'.
SEC. 22. WHISTLEBLOWER PROTECTION FOR MANUFACTURERS' EMPLOYEES.
The Act (15 U.S.C. 2051 et seq.), as amended by section 20, is further amended by adding at the end the following:
`WHISTLEBLOWER PROTECTION FOR MANUFACTURERS' EMPLOYEES
`SEC. 40. (a) No manufacturer, private labeler, distributor, or retailer may discharge an employee or otherwise discriminate against an employee with respect to compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment because the employee (or any person acting pursuant to a request of the employee)--
`(1) provided, caused to be provided, or is about to provide or cause to be provided to the employer, the Federal Government, or the attorney general of a State information relating to any violation or alleged violation of any order, regulation, or consumer product safety standard under this Act or any other law enforceable by the Commission (or by the attorney general of a State under section 21);
`(2) testified or is about to testify in such a proceeding; or
`(3) assisted or participated or is about to assist or participate in such a proceeding.
`(b)(1) If the Commission, or the attorney general of a State, proceeds with an action against a manufacturer, private labeler, distributor, or retailer for a violation of this Act or any other Act enforced by the Commission, on the basis of information provided by such an employee, the employee shall receive at least 15 percent but not more than 25 percent of any civil penalty assessed and collected by the Commission, or attorney general, for the violation, depending upon the extent to which the information provided by the employee substantially contributed to the enforcement action, as determined by the Commission.
`(2) If the Commission's action is based primarily on disclosures of specific information (other than information provided by the employee) relating to allegations or transactions in a criminal, civil, or administrative hearing, in a congressional, administrative, or Government Accountability Office report, hearing, audit, or investigation, or from the news media, the Commission may award such sums as it considers appropriate to the employee, but in no case more than 10 percent of the civil penalty assessed and collected, taking into account the significance of the information and the role of the employee.
`(3) In the case of an action brought by the attorney general of a State under section 21, the amount of any civil penalty to which such an employee may be entitled shall be determined by the Commission, subject to the limitations in paragraph (1) and (2), in consultation with the attorney general that brought the action.
`(c)(1) A person who believes that he or she has been discharged or otherwise discriminated against by any person in violation of subsection (a) may, not later than 90 days after the date on which such violation occurs, file (or have any person file on his or her behalf) a complaint with the Commission alleging such discharge or discrimination and identifying the person responsible for such act. Upon receipt of such a complaint, the Commission shall notify, in writing, the person named in the complaint of the filing of the complaint, of the allegations contained in the complaint, of the substance of evidence supporting the complaint, and of the opportunities that will be afforded to such person under paragraph (2).
`(2)(A) Not later than 60 days after the date of receipt of a complaint filed under paragraph (1) and after affording the person named in the complaint an opportunity to submit to the Commission a written response to the complaint and an opportunity to meet with a representative of the Commission to present statements from witnesses, the Commission shall conduct an investigation and determine whether there is reasonable cause to believe that the complaint has merit and notify, in writing, the complainant and the person alleged to have committed a violation of subsection (a) of the Commission's findings. If the Commission concludes that there is a reasonable cause to believe that a violation of subsection (a) has occurred, the Commission shall accompany the Commission's findings with a preliminary order providing the relief prescribed by paragraph (3)(B). Not later than 30 days after the date of notification of findings under this paragraph, either the person alleged to have committed the violation or the complainant may file objections to the findings or preliminary order, or both, and request a hearing on the record. The filing of such objections shall not operate to stay any reinstatement remedy contained in the preliminary order. Any such hearing shall be conducted expeditiously. If a hearing is not requested in such 30-day period, the preliminary order shall be deemed a final order that is not subject to judicial review.
`(B)(i) The Commission shall dismiss a complaint filed under this subsection and shall not conduct an investigation otherwise required under subparagraph (A) unless the complainant makes a prima facie showing that any behavior described in paragraphs (1) through (4) of subsection (a) was a contributing factor in the unfavorable personnel action alleged in the complaint.
`(ii) Notwithstanding a finding by the Commission that the complainant has made the showing required under clause (i), no investigation otherwise required under subparagraph (A) shall be conducted if the employer demonstrates, by clear and convincing evidence, that the employer would have taken the same unfavorable personnel action in the absence of that behavior.
`(iii) The Commission may determine that a violation of subsection (a) has occurred only if the complainant demonstrates that any behavior described in paragraphs (1) through (4) of subsection (a) was a contributing factor in the unfavorable personnel action alleged in the complaint.
`(iv) Relief may not be ordered under subparagraph (A) if the employer demonstrates by clear and convincing evidence that the employer would have taken the same unfavorable personnel action in the absence of that behavior.
`(3)(A) Not later than 120 days after the date of conclusion of any hearing under paragraph (2), the Commission shall issue a final order providing the relief prescribed by this paragraph or denying the complaint. At any time before issuance of a final order, a proceeding under this subsection may be terminated on the basis of a settlement agreement entered into by the Commission, the complainant, and the person alleged to have committed the violation.
`(B) If, in response to a complaint filed under paragraph (1), the Commission determines that a violation of subsection (a) has occurred, the Commission shall order the person who committed such violation--
`(i) to take affirmative action to abate the violation;
`(ii) to reinstate the complainant to his or her former position together with the compensation (including back pay) and restore the terms, conditions, and privileges associated with his or her employment; and
`(iii) to provide compensatory damages to the complainant.
If such an order is issued under this paragraph, the Commission, at the request of the complainant, shall assess against the person against whom the order is issued a sum equal to the aggregate amount of all costs and expenses (including attorneys' and expert witness fees) reasonably incurred, as determined by the Commission, by the complainant for, or in connection with, the bringing of the complaint upon which the order was issued.
`(C) If the Commission finds that a complaint under paragraph (1) is frivolous or has been brought in bad faith, the Commission may award to the prevailing employer a reasonable attorney's fee, not exceeding $1,000, to be paid by the complainant.
`(4)(A) Any person adversely affected or aggrieved by a final order issued under paragraph (3) may obtain review of the order in the United States Court of Appeals for the circuit in which the violation, with respect to which the order was issued, allegedly occurred or the circuit in which the complainant resided on the date of such violation. The petition for review must be filed not later than 60 days after the date of the issuance of the final order of the Commission. Review shall conform to chapter 7 of title 5, United States Code. The commencement of proceedings under this subparagraph shall not, unless ordered by the court, operate as a stay of the order.
`(B) An order of the Commission with respect to which review could have been obtained under subparagraph (A) shall not be subject to judicial review in any criminal or other civil proceeding.
`(5) Whenever any person has failed to comply with an order issued under paragraph (3), the Commission may file a civil action in the United States district court for the district in which the violation was found to occur, or in the United States district court for the District of Columbia, to enforce such order. In actions brought under this paragraph, the district courts shall have jurisdiction to grant all appropriate relief including, but not limited to, injunctive relief and compensatory damages.
`(6)(A) A person on whose behalf an order was issued under paragraph (3) may commence a civil action against the person to whom such order was issued to require compliance with such order. The appropriate United States district court shall have jurisdiction, without regard to the amount in controversy or the citizenship of the parties, to enforce such order.
`(B) The court, in issuing any final order under this paragraph, may award costs of litigation (including reasonable attorney and expert witness fees) to any party whenever the court determines such award is appropriate.
`(d) Any nondiscretionary duty imposed by this section shall be enforceable in a mandamus proceeding brought under section 1361 of title 28, United States Code.
`(e) Subsection (a) shall not apply with respect to an employee of a manufacturer, private labeler, distributor, or retailer who, acting without direction from such manufacturer, private labeler, distributor, or retailer (or such person's agent), deliberately causes a violation of any requirement relating to any violation or alleged violation of any order, regulation, or consumer product safety standard under this Act or any other law enforceable by the Commission.'.
SEC. 23. BAN ON CHILDREN'S PRODUCTS CONTAINING LEAD; LEAD PAINT RULE.
(a) IN GENERAL- Beginning on the date that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act--
(1) any children's product (as defined in section 14(e) of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2063(e))) that contains lead shall be treated as a banned hazardous substance under the Federal Hazardous Substances Act (15 U.S.C. 1261 et seq.); and
(2) the prohibitions contained in section 4 of such Act shall apply without regard to whether the lead contained in such children's product is accessible to children.
(b) TRACE AMOUNTS OF LEAD- For purposes of subsection (a), a children's product shall be considered to contain lead if--
(1) in the case of a children's product that is jewelry, any part of the product contains lead or lead compounds and the lead content of such part (calculated as lead metal) is greater than 0.02 percent by weight of the total weight of such part (or such lesser amount as may be established by the Commission by regulation); or
(2) in the case of a children's product that is not jewelry, any part of the product contains lead or lead compounds and the lead content of such part (calculated as lead metal) is greater than 0.04 percent by weight of the total weight of such part (or such lesser amount as may be established by the Commission by regulation).
(c) ELECTRONICS- If the Commission determines that it is not feasible for certain electronic devices, including batteries, to comply with subsection (a) at the time the regulations shall take effect, the Commission shall, by regulation--
(A) issue standards to reduce the exposure of and accessibility to lead in such electronic devices; and
(B) establish a schedule by which such electronic devices shall be in full compliance with the regulations prescribed under subsection (a).
(d) REGULATIONS- On the day after the date of enactment of this Act, the Commission shall initiate a rulemaking proceeding to determine whether thresholds lower than those described in subsection (b) should be prescribed for children's products. If the Commission makes such a determination, the Commission shall promulgate regulations establishing lower thresholds in lieu of the thresholds established in subsection (b).
(e) PAINT STANDARD FOR ALL PRODUCTS- Within 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Consumer Product Safety Commission shall modify section 1303.1 of its regulations (16 C.F.R. 1303.1) by substituting `0.009 percent' for `0.06 percent' in subsection (a) of that section.
SEC. 24. COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS UNDER THE POISON PREVENTION PACKAGING ACT OF 1970.
Section 3 of the Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970 (15 U.S.C. 1472) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following:
`(e) Nothing in this Act shall be construed to require the Secretary, in establishing a standard under this section, to prepare a comparison of the costs that would be incurred in complying with such standard with the benefits of such standard.'.
SEC. 25. COMPLETION OF UPHOLSTERED FURNITURE RULEMAKING.
The Consumer Product Safety Commission shall issue a final rule in its proceeding entitled `Ignition of Upholstered Furniture by Small Open Flames and/or Smoldering Cigarettes' for which the Commission issued an advance notice of proposed rulemaking on October 23, 2003 (68 Fed. Reg. 60630), no later than June 1, 2008.
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