March 18, 2012

The new ANSI Z535 standards and drafting better user / owner manuals


We have been assisting clients with the drafting or users (or owners) manuals for some time. Companies have become much better about drafting these manuals in recent years, however many company's manuals are still seriously lacking in many areas. The biggest problem we see is that companies do not think out a long term strategy with respect to manuals, how they are to be effectively and ultimately delivered to consumers and developing a framework for revising them over time, to name a few areas that are lacking.

If your company does not have any manuals (or recent, well drafted manuals) this may be the time to get started or at least do a refresh on what you have and to rethink your entire strategy. The reason this may be a good time is that ANSI (American National Standards Institute) has just recently published two key standards dealing with warnings and drafting these manuals. The two standards are:

ANSI Z535.4 "Product Safety Signs and Labels" originally published in 1991. The 2007 version was revised and published in Sept 2011; (again this one only involves so called "on product" warnings)

ANSI Z535.6 "Product Safety Information in Product Manuals, Instructions, and Other Collateral Materials" originally published in 2006. The 2006 version was revised and published in Sept 2011; (this standard deals with complete manuals and is meant to be complimentary to Z535.4)

There are 4 other standards in the ANSI Z 535 series ( Z535.1, Z535.2, Z535.3, and Z535.5) that are not directly relevant for drafters of manuals for recreational products.

Now of course none of the Z535 series standards tell you what to say in your manuals or warnings or even what substantive topics to cover, (that is usually covered by more substantive standards like the EN 14781 entitled "Racing bicycles - Safety requirements and test methods", for example) but the Z535 standards do tell you the manner in which you should convey it, including organization, style, graphics etc. From our own review I will say that most manuals that we have not assisted on are poorly organized. Z535 aims to improve that problem specifically.

Another thing to keep in mind is that a manual is not all about "warnings" but also about instructing users on how to assemble, use or maintain the product. We always say that if users are properly instructed often times the need for the warning is reduced. But you need both components. Another area lacking in manuals is instructive, intelligent warnings. For example we often see the generic warning: "use of this product may result in serious injury or death...." Great info. That's true with almost any product. You need to tell the user the specific areas or details about the product where he or she is most likely to get hurt and how the injury is likely to occur (the mechanism of injury). This is the reason most people's eyes glaze over when reading warnings. You are not telling them something they don't already know. (think about cigarette warnings and recent controversy about making them have more impact)

Now many people will say that just having a "standard" does not guarantee that you will get past a "failure to warn" claim and I would agree with them (see my prior article Using Standards in Defending Product Liability Cases, for more detail on that issue). However whenever you fail to meet or at least demonstrate that your company at least considered a standard in drafting a warning or manual, you can pretty much be assured that overcoming a failure to warn claim will be an uphill battle with a judge or jury. The reason is that standards (especially those from recognized bodies like ANSI, ISO or ASTM) are seen as embodying years of diligent work by the worlds experts on the subject, application of the scientific method, and in most cases some democratic form of creation. That's hard for most companies to compete against in house.

At a minimum you need someone with legal training (in the relevant field of product liability) and some knowledge of the the substantive area being warned about, to review your manual at least every 2-3 years or more often if substantial changes to the manual or product are being made. Having someone outside the company critique the manuals is essential. This is a continual process and should be examined in a comprehensive fashion; again not just the manuals themselves but the delivery system, the design, the languages, the timeline etc. Once this is done properly inside people can be trained to carry on the work on a yearly basis.

Law Offices of Steven W. Hansen | www.swhlaw.com | 562 866 6228 © Copyright 1996-2012 Conditions of Use

August 2, 2011

CPSIA "fixes" passed in the Consumer Product Safety Flexibility Act of 2011 [August 1, 2011]


Below is the final version of H.R. 2715 with the snappy title of "To provide the Consumer Product Safety Commission with greater authority and discretion in enforcing the consumer product safety laws, and for other purposes." that was sponsored by Rep Bono Mack, Mary [CA-45] and "introduced " on August 1, 2011, interestingly/amazingly with the same "effective date" (and of course this has not yet been signed by the President). On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, it was passed in the house of representatives as follows: 421 yes votes and 2 votes against (Roll no. 683). It was Passed/agreed to in Senate without amendment by "Unanimous Consent". We do not have the senate version of the bill at the time of posting. The Senate version is apparently titled the "Consumer Product Safety Flexibility Act of 2011" and we think is under number S. 1448. (However as of this posting the bill text under S. 1448 did not match that of the House bill below [HR 2715] and appears to be outdated info) (see the House press release after the end of the bill).

This bill primarily fixes the new CPSC/CPSIA 100 ppm lead requirement, which is/was set to take effect August 14, and would make it impossible to sell merchandise that is already on the shelves. Under the bill below (section 1), only products manufactured after August 14, 2011 will have to meet the 100 ppm lead standard, allowing older products to be sold under the higher lead limits in effect before August 14. This was the primary impetus to get the bill passed before August 14. There is quite a bit packed in this relatively short bill so have a quick read below and see if the provisions will affect your business.

This bill and the path it has taken is an example of why people are very frustrated with Congress and getting legislation passed in general. These "legislative" fixes have been getting passed around in backrooms for months and when they finally did come to a "vote" the "fix" was already in and they sailed thru in minutes or seconds on votes that were purely formalities. There was really no warning that this would be passed when it did or in this fashion. If you did not get what you wanted in here well that's too bad because you are not likely to see any further relief for some time. Apparently Congress is going to be in recess until after Labor day as they had to work so hard to pass the debt ceiling bill.

H.R.2715 -- To provide the Consumer Product Safety Commission with greater authority and discretion in enforcing the consumer product safety laws, and for other purposes. (Engrossed in House [Passed House] - EH)

SECTION 1. LIMITATION ON LEAD IN CHILDREN'S PRODUCTS.

SEC. 2. APPLICATION OF THIRD PARTY TESTING REQUIREMENTS.

SEC. 3. APPLICATION OF AND PROCESS FOR UPDATING DURABLE NURSERY PRODUCTS STANDARDS.

SEC. 4. APPLICATION OF SECTION 106 TO FDA-REGULATED PRODUCTS.

SEC. 5. APPLICATION OF PHTHALATES LIMIT.

SEC. 6. AUTHORITY TO MODIFY TRACKING LABELS REQUIREMENT.

SEC. 7. IMPROVED PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION FOR PUBLIC DATABASE.

SEC. 8. SUBPOENA AUTHORITY.

SEC. 9. DEADLINE FOR RULE BY CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION ON STANDARDS FOR ALL TERRAIN VEHICLES.

SEC. 10. TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.

SEC. 11. EFFECTIVE DATE.


AN ACT

To provide the Consumer Product Safety Commission with greater authority and discretion in enforcing the consumer product safety laws, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. LIMITATION ON LEAD IN CHILDREN'S PRODUCTS.

(a) Prospective Application of Lead Limit for Children's Products- Section 101(a) of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (15 U.S.C. 1278a(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

`(3) APPLICATION- Each limit set forth in paragraph (2) (except for the limit set forth in subparagraphs (A) and (B)) shall apply only to a children's product (as defined in section 3(a) of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2052(a))) that is manufactured after the effective date of such respective limit.'.

(b) Alternative Limits and Exceptions- Section 101(b) of such Act (15 U.S.C. 1278a(b)(1)) is amended--

(1) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following:

`(1) FUNCTIONAL PURPOSE EXCEPTION-

`(A) IN GENERAL- The Commission, on its own initiative or upon petition by an interested party, shall grant an exception to the limit in subsection (a) for a specific product, class of product, material, or component part if the Commission, after notice and a hearing, determines that--

`(i) the product, class of product, material, or component part requires the inclusion of lead because it is not practicable or not technologically feasible to manufacture such product, class of product, material, or component part, as the case may be, in accordance with subsection (a) by removing the excessive lead or by making the lead inaccessible;

`(ii) the product, class of product, material, or component part is not likely to be placed in the mouth or ingested, taking into account normal and reasonably foreseeable use and abuse of such product, class of product, material, or component part by a child; and

`(iii) an exception for the product, class of product, material, or component part will have no measurable adverse effect on public health or safety, taking into account normal and reasonably foreseeable use and abuse.

`(B) MEASUREMENT- For purposes of subparagraph (A)(iii), there is no measurable adverse effect on public health or safety if the exception described in subparagraph (A) will result in no measurable increase in blood lead levels of a child. The Commission may adopt an alternative method of measurement other than blood lead levels if it determines, after notice and a hearing, that such alternative method is a better scientific method for measuring adverse effect on public health and safety.

`(C) PROCEDURES FOR GRANTING EXCEPTION-

`(i) BURDEN OF PROOF- A party seeking an exception under subparagraph (A) has the burden of demonstrating that it meets the requirements of such subparagraph.

`(ii) GROUNDS FOR DECISION- In the case where a party has petitioned for an exception, in determining whether to grant the exception, the Commission may base its decision solely on the materials presented by the party seeking the exception and any materials received through notice and a hearing.

`(iii) ADMISSIBLE EVIDENCE- In demonstrating that it meets the requirements of subparagraph (A), a party seeking an exception under such subparagraph may rely on any nonproprietary information submitted by any other party seeking such an exception and such information shall be considered part of the record presented by the party that relies on that information.

`(iv) SCOPE OF EXCEPTION- If an exception is sought for an entire product, the burden is on the petitioning party to demonstrate that the criteria in subparagraph (A) are met with respect to every accessible component or accessible material of the product.

`(D) LIMITATION ON EXCEPTION- If the Commission grants an exception for a product, class of product, material, or component part under subparagraph (A), the Commission may, as necessary to protect public health or safety--

`(i) establish a lead limit that such product, class of product, material, or component part may not exceed; or

`(ii) place a manufacturing expiration date on such exception or establish a schedule after which the manufacturer of such product, class of product, material, or component part shall be in full compliance with the limit established under clause (i) or the limit set forth in subsection (a).

`(E) APPLICATION OF EXCEPTION- An exception under subparagraph (A) for a product, class of product, material, or component part shall apply regardless of the date of manufacture unless the Commission expressly provides otherwise.

`(F) PREVIOUSLY SUBMITTED PETITIONS- A party seeking an exception under this paragraph may rely on materials previously submitted in connection with a petition for exclusion under this section. In such cases, petitioners must notify the Commission of their intent to rely on materials previously submitted. Such reliance does not affect petitioners' obligation to demonstrate that they meet all requirements of this paragraph as required by subparagraph (C)(i).';

(2) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking `include to,' and inserting `include'; and

(3) by redesignating paragraph (5) as paragraph (8) and inserting after paragraph (4) the following:

`(5) EXCEPTION FOR OFF-HIGHWAY VEHICLES-

`(A) IN GENERAL- Subsection (a) shall not apply to an off-highway vehicle.

`(B) OFF-HIGHWAY VEHICLE DEFINED- For purposes of this section, the term `off-highway vehicle'--

`(i) means any motorized vehicle--

`(I) that is manufactured primarily for use off public streets, roads, and highways;

`(II) designed to travel on 2, 3, or 4 wheels; and

`(III) that has either--

`(aa) a seat designed to be straddled by the operator and handlebars for steering control; or

`(bb) a nonstraddle seat, steering wheel, seat belts, and roll-over protective structure; and

`(ii) includes a snowmobile.

`(6) BICYCLES AND RELATED PRODUCTS- In lieu of the lead limits established in subsection (a)(2), the limits set forth for each respective material in the notice of the Commission entitled `Notice of Stay of Enforcement Pertaining to Bicycles and Related Products', published June 30, 2009 (74 Fed. Reg. 31254), shall apply to any metal component part of the products to which the stay of enforcement described in such notice applies, except that after December 31, 2011, the limits set forth in such notice shall not be more than 300 parts per million total lead content by weight for any metal component part of the products to which such stay pertains.

`(7) EXCLUSION OF CERTAIN USED CHILDREN'S PRODUCTS-

`(A) GENERAL EXCLUSION- The lead limits established under subsection (a) shall not apply to a used children's product.

`(B) DEFINITION- In this paragraph, the term `used children's product' means a children's product (as defined in section 3(a) of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2052(a)) that was obtained by the seller for use and not for the purpose of resale or was obtained by the seller, either directly or indirectly, from a person who obtained such children's product for use and not for the purpose of resale. Such term also includes a children's product that was donated to the seller for charitable distribution or resale to support charitable purposes. Such term shall not include--

`(i) children's metal jewelry;

`(ii) any children's product for which the donating party or the seller has actual knowledge that the product is in violation of the lead limits in this section; or

`(iii) any other children's product or product category that the Commission determines, after notice and a hearing.

For purposes of this definition, the term `seller' includes a person who lends or donates a used children's product.'.

SEC. 2. APPLICATION OF THIRD PARTY TESTING REQUIREMENTS.

(a) In General- Section 14(d) of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2063(d)) is amended--

(1) in paragraph (2)(B)(ii), by striking `random' and inserting `representative'; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

`(3) REDUCING THIRD PARTY TESTING BURDENS-

`(A) ASSESSMENT- Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this paragraph, the Commission shall seek public comment on opportunities to reduce the cost of third party testing requirements consistent with assuring compliance with any applicable consumer product safety rule, ban, standard, or regulation. The request for public comment shall include the following:

`(i) The extent to which the use of materials subject to regulations of another government agency that requires third party testing of those materials may provide sufficient assurance of conformity with an applicable consumer product safety rule, ban, standard, or regulation without further third party testing.

`(ii) The extent to which modification of the certification requirements may have the effect of reducing redundant third party testing by or on behalf of 2 or more importers of a product that is substantially similar or identical in all material respects.

`(iii) The extent to which products with a substantial number of different components subject to third party testing may be evaluated to show compliance with an applicable rule, ban, standard, or regulation by third party testing of a subset of such components selected by a third party conformity assessment body.

`(iv) The extent to which manufacturers with a substantial number of substantially similar products subject to third party testing may reasonably make use of sampling procedures that reduce the overall test burden without compromising the benefits of third party testing.

`(v) The extent to which evidence of conformity with other national or international governmental standards may provide assurance of conformity to consumer product safety rules, bans, standards, or regulations applicable under this Act.

`(vi) The extent to which technology, other than the technology already approved by the Commission, exists for third party conformity assessment bodies to test or to screen for testing consumer products subject to a third party testing requirement.

`(vii) Other techniques for lowering the cost of third party testing consistent with assuring compliance with the applicable consumer product safety rules, bans, standards, and regulations.

`(B) REGULATIONS- Following the public comment period described in subparagraph (A), but not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this paragraph, the Commission shall review the public comments and may prescribe new or revised third party testing regulations if it determines that such regulations will reduce third party testing costs consistent with assuring compliance with the applicable consumer product safety rules, bans, standards, and regulations.

`(C) REPORT- If the Commission determines that it lacks authority to implement an opportunity for reducing the costs of third-party testing consistent with assuring compliance with the applicable consumer product safety rules, bans, standards, and regulations, it shall transmit a report to Congress reviewing those opportunities, along with any recommendations for any legislation to permit such implementation.

`(4) SPECIAL RULES FOR SMALL BATCH MANUFACTURERS-

`(A) SPECIAL CONSIDERATION; EXEMPTION-

`(i) CONSIDERATION; ALTERNATIVE REQUIREMENTS- Subject to subparagraph (C), in implementing third party testing requirements under this section, the Commission shall take into consideration any economic, administrative, or other limits on the ability of small batch manufacturers to comply with such requirements and shall, after notice and a hearing, provide alternative testing requirements for covered products manufactured by small batch manufacturers in lieu of those required under subsection (a) or (b). Any such alternative requirements shall provide for reasonable methods to assure compliance with any applicable consumer product safety rule, ban, standard, or regulation. The Commission may allow such alternative testing requirements for small batch manufacturers with respect to a specific product or product class or with respect to a specific safety rule, ban, standard, or regulation, or portion thereof.

`(ii) EXEMPTION- If the Commission determines that no alternative testing requirement is available or economically practicable, it shall exempt small batch manufacturers from third party testing requirements under subsections (a) and (b).

`(iii) CERTIFICATION- In lieu of or as part of any alternative testing requirements provided under clause (i), the Commission may allow certification of a product to an applicable consumer product safety rule, ban, standard, or regulation, or portion thereof, based on documentation that the product complies with another national or international governmental standard or safety requirement that the Commission determines is the same or more stringent than the consumer product safety rule, ban, standard, or regulation, or portion thereof. Any such certification shall only be allowed to the extent of the equivalency with a consumer product safety rule, ban, standard, or regulation and not to any other part of the consumer product safety rule, ban, standard, or regulation.

`(iv) RESTRICTION- Except as provided in subparagraph (C), and except where the Commission determines that the manufacturer does not meet the definition of a small batch manufacturer, for any small batch manufacturer registered pursuant to subparagraph (B), the Commission may not require third party testing of a covered product by a third party conformity assessment body until the Commission has provided either an alternative testing requirement or an exemption in accordance with clause (i) or (ii), respectively.

`(B) REGISTRATION- Any small batch manufacturer that utilizes alternative requirements or an exemption under this paragraph shall register with the Commission prior to using such alternative requirements or exemptions pursuant to any guidelines issued by the Commission to carry out this requirement.

`(C) LIMITATION- The Commission shall not provide or permit to continue in effect any alternative requirements or exemption from third party testing requirements under this paragraph where it determines, based on notice and a hearing, that full compliance with subsection (a) or (b) is reasonably necessary to protect public health or safety. The Commission shall not provide any alternative requirements or exemption for--

`(i) any of the third party testing requirements described in clauses (i) through (v) of subsection (a)(3)(B); or

`(ii) durable infant or toddler products, as defined in section 104(f) of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (15 U.S.C. 2056a(f)).

`(D) SUBSEQUENT MANUFACTURER- Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to affect third party testing or any other requirements with respect to a subsequent manufacturer or other entity that uses components provided by one or more small batch manufacturers.

`(E) DEFINITIONS- For purposes of this paragraph--

`(i) the term `covered product' means a consumer product manufactured by a small batch manufacturer where no more than 7,500 units of the same product were manufactured in the previous calendar year; and

`(ii) the term `small batch manufacturer' means a manufacturer that had no more than $1,000,000 in total gross revenue from sales of all consumer products in the previous calendar year. The dollar amount contained in this paragraph shall be adjusted annually by the percentage increase in the Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers published by the Department of Labor.

For purposes of determining the total gross revenue for all sales of all consumer products of a manufacturer under this subparagraph, such total gross revenue shall be considered to include all gross revenue from all sales of all consumer products of each entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with such manufacturer. The Commission shall take steps to ensure that all relevant business affiliations are considered in determining whether or not a manufacturer meets this definition.

`(5) EXCLUSION FROM THIRD PARTY TESTING-

`(A) CERTAIN PRINTED MATERIALS-

`(i) IN GENERAL- The third party testing requirements established under subsection (a) shall not apply to ordinary books or ordinary paper-based printed materials.

`(ii) DEFINITIONS-

`(I) ORDINARY BOOK- The term `ordinary book' means a book printed on paper or cardboard, printed with inks or toners, and bound and finished using a conventional method, and that is intended to be read or has educational value. Such term does not include books with inherent play value, books designed or intended for a child 3 years of age or younger, and does not include any toy or other article that is not a book that is sold or packaged with an ordinary book.

`(II) ORDINARY PAPER-BASED PRINTED MATERIALS- The term `ordinary paper-based printed materials' means materials printed on paper or cardboard, such as magazines, posters, greeting cards, and similar products, that are printed with inks or toners and bound and finished using a conventional method.

`(III) EXCLUSIONS- Such terms do not include books or printed materials that contain components that are printed on material other than paper or cardboard or contain nonpaper-based components such as metal or plastic parts or accessories that are not part of the binding and finishing materials used in a conventional method.

`(B) METAL COMPONENT PARTS OF BICYCLES- The third party testing requirements established under subsection (a) shall not apply to metal component parts of bicycles with respect to compliance with the lead content limits in place pursuant to section 101(b)(6) of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008.'.

(b) Prohibited Act- Section 19(a)(14) of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2068(a)(14)) is amended by striking the period and inserting `, or to subdivide the production of any children's product into small quantities that have the effect of evading any third party testing requirements under section 14(a)(2);'.

SEC. 3. APPLICATION OF AND PROCESS FOR UPDATING DURABLE NURSERY PRODUCTS STANDARDS.

(a) Updating Standard- Section 104(b) of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (15 U.S.C. 2056a(b)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

`(4) PROCESS FOR CONSIDERING SUBSEQUENT REVISIONS TO VOLUNTARY STANDARD-

`(A) NOTICE OF ADOPTION OF VOLUNTARY STANDARD- When the Commission promulgates a consumer product safety standard under this subsection that is based, in whole or in part, on a voluntary standard, the Commission shall notify the organization that issued the voluntary standard of the Commission's action and shall provide a copy of the consumer product safety standard to the organization.

`(B) COMMISSION ACTION ON REVISED VOLUNTARY STANDARD- If an organization revises a standard that has been adopted, in whole or in part, as a consumer product safety standard under this subsection, it shall notify the Commission. The revised voluntary standard shall be considered to be a consumer product safety standard issued by the Commission under section 9 of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2058), effective 180 days after the date on which the organization notifies the Commission (or such later date specified by the Commission in the Federal Register) unless, within 90 days after receiving that notice, the Commission notifies the organization that it has determined that the proposed revision does not improve the safety of the consumer product covered by the standard and that the Commission is retaining the existing consumer product safety standard.'.

(b) Application of Standard- Section 104(c) of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (15 U.S.C. 2056a(c)) is amended by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (4) and inserting after paragraph (2) the following:

`(3) APPLICATION OF ANY REVISION- With respect to any revision of the standard promulgated under subsection (b)(1)(B) subsequent to the initial promulgation of a standard under such subsection, paragraph (1) shall apply only to a person that manufactures or imports cribs, unless the Commission determines that application to any other person described in paragraph (2) is necessary to protect against an unreasonable risk to health or safety. If the Commission determines that application to a person described in paragraph (2) is necessary, it shall provide not less than 12 months for such person to come into compliance.'.

SEC. 4. APPLICATION OF SECTION 106 TO FDA-REGULATED PRODUCTS.

Section 106(a) of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (15 U.S.C. 2056b(a)) is amended by inserting `or any provision that restates or incorporates a regulation promulgated by the Food and Drug Administration or any statute administered by the Food and Drug Administration' after `or by statute'.

SEC. 5. APPLICATION OF PHTHALATES LIMIT.

(a) Accessible, Plasticized Component Parts- Section 108 of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (15 U.S.C. 2057c) is amended--

(1) by redesignating subsections (c) through (e) as subsections (e) through (g), respectively; and

(2) by inserting after subsection (b) the following:

`(c) Application- Effective on the date of enactment of this Act, subsections (a) and (b)(1) and any rule promulgated under subsection (b)(3) shall apply to any plasticized component part of a children's toy or child care article or any other component part of a children's toy or child care article that is made of other materials that may contain phthalates.

`(d) Exclusion for Inaccessible Component Parts-

`(1) IN GENERAL- The prohibitions established under subsections (a) and (b) shall not apply to any component part of a children's toy or child care article that is not accessible to a child through normal and reasonably foreseeable use and abuse of such product, as determined by the Commission. A component part is not accessible under this paragraph if such component part is not physically exposed by reason of a sealed covering or casing and does not become physically exposed through reasonably foreseeable use and abuse of the product. Reasonably foreseeable use and abuse shall include swallowing, mouthing, breaking, or other children's activities, and the aging of the product.

`(2) LIMITATION- The Commission may revoke an exclusion or all exclusions granted under paragraph (1) at any time and require that any or all component parts manufactured after such exclusion is revoked comply with the prohibitions established under subsections (a) and (b) if the Commission finds, based on scientific evidence, that such compliance is necessary to protect the public health or safety.

`(3) INACCESSIBILITY PROCEEDING- Within 1 year after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Commission shall--

`(A) promulgate a rule providing guidance with respect to what product components, or classes of components, will be considered to be inaccessible for purposes of paragraph (1); or

`(B) adopt the same guidance with respect to inaccessibility that was adopted by the Commission with regards to accessibility of lead under section 101(b)(2)(B), with additional consideration, as appropriate, of whether such component can be placed in a child's mouth.

`(4) APPLICATION PENDING COMMISSION GUIDANCE- Until the Commission promulgates a rule pursuant to paragraph (3), the determination of whether a product component is inaccessible to a child shall be made in accordance with the requirements laid out in paragraph (1) for considering a component to be inaccessible to a child.'.

SEC. 6. AUTHORITY TO MODIFY TRACKING LABELS REQUIREMENT.

Section 14(a)(5) of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2063(a)(5)) is amended--

(1) by striking `Effective 1 year' and inserting `(A) Effective 1 year';

(2) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

`(B) The Commission may, by regulation, exclude a specific product or class of products from the requirements in subparagraph (A) if the Commission determines that it is not practicable for such product or class of products to bear the marks required by such subparagraph. The Commission may establish alternative requirements for any product or class of products excluded under the preceding sentence consistent with the purposes described in clauses (i) and (ii) of subparagraph (A).'.

SEC. 7. IMPROVED PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION FOR PUBLIC DATABASE.

Section 6A(c) of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2055a(c)) is amended--

(1) in paragraph (3)(A), by inserting `or paragraph (5)' after `paragraph (4)(A)';

(2) in paragraph (4)(A), by striking `determines that the information in such report or comment is materially inaccurate, the Commission shall--' and inserting `receives notice that the information in such report or comment is materially inaccurate, the Commission shall stay the publication of the report on the database as required under paragraph (3) for a period of no more than 5 additional days. If the Commission determines that the information in such report or comment is materially inaccurate, the Commission shall--'; and

(3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

`(5) OBTAINING CERTAIN PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION-

`(A) IN GENERAL- If the Commission receives a report described in subsection (b)(1)(A) that does not include the model or serial number of the consumer product concerned, the Commission shall seek from the individual or entity submitting the report such model or serial number or, if such model or serial number is not available, a photograph of the product. If the Commission obtains information relating to the serial or model number of the product or a photograph of the product, it shall immediately forward such information to the manufacturer of the product. The Commission shall make the report available in the database on the 15th business day after the date on which the Commission transmits the report under paragraph (1) and shall include in the database any additional information about the product obtained under this paragraph.

`(B) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION- Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to--

`(i) permit the Commission to delay transmission of the report under paragraph (1) until the Commission has obtained the model or serial number or a photograph of the consumer product concerned; or

`(ii) make inclusion in the database of a report described in subsection (b)(1)(A) contingent on the availability of the model or serial number or a photograph of the consumer product concerned.'.

SEC. 8. SUBPOENA AUTHORITY.

Section 27(b) of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2076(b)) is amended--

(1) in paragraph (3), by inserting `and physical' after `documentary';

(2) in paragraph (8), by striking `and';

(3) by redesignating paragraph (9) as paragraph (10) and inserting after paragraph (8) the following:

`(9) to delegate to the general counsel of the Commission the authority to issue subpoenas solely to Federal, State, or local government agencies for evidence described in paragraph (3); and'; and

(4) in paragraph (10) (as so redesignated), by inserting `(except as provided in paragraph (9))' after `paragraph (3)'.

SEC. 9. DEADLINE FOR RULE BY CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION ON STANDARDS FOR ALL TERRAIN VEHICLES.

The Commission shall issue the final rule described in section 42(d) of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2089(d)) not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act.

SEC. 10. TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.

(a) CPSA- Section 14 of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2063) is further amended by redesignating the second subsection (d) as subsection (i).

(b) CPSIA- Section 101(a)(1) of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (15 U.S.C. 1278a(a)(1)) is amended by striking `(as defined in section 3(a)(16) of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2052(a)(16)))' and inserting `(as defined in section 3(a) of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2052(a)))'.

SEC. 11. EFFECTIVE DATE.

Except as provided otherwise, the amendments made by this Act shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act.

Passed the House of Representatives August 1, 2011.

Press Release
House Votes to Protect Jobs and Reduce Regulatory Burdens on American Businesses


August 1, 2011

WASHINGTON, DC – The U.S. House of Representatives voted today to protect jobs and reduce onerous regulations with passage of H.R. 2715, a bill to provide the Consumer Product Safety Commission with greater authority and discretion in enforcing the consumer product safety laws. The measure passed the House with strong bipartisan support by a vote of 421 to 2.

The bill, authored by Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade Subcommittee Chairman Mary Bono Mack (R-CA) and Ranking Member G.K. Butterfield (D-NC) makes important and necessary modifications to the troubled Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act. Congress had good intentions when it passed the CPSIA in 2008, but the law created a series of unintended consequences forcing small businesses to close their doors as a result of the law’s rigid restrictions and costly regulations.

The bill approved by the House today makes great strides toward cleaning up the regulatory mess created by the CPSIA, giving the Consumer Product Safety Commission the flexibility it needs to regulate based on risk. The bill’s changes aim to reduce the burden of the law while maintaining strong protections for children. The legislation includes provisions to ensure valuable store inventory is not wasted and to allow for the continued sale of used children’s items.

“For thousands of American businesses, which strive to be responsible, ‘let’s do what’s best for consumers,’ CPSIA has taken an inordinate amount of their time trying to understand how each new regulation and standard will affect them. Unfortunately, many have gone out of business, attributing their demise to the burdens of compliance,” said Bono Mack. “Today, we are striking a very careful balance. As a nation, we simply cannot afford to lose jobs or stifle innovation because of questionable regulations. But we also have an obligation to make certain that our children’s toys remain safe. This bill is a win-win. It’s good for American consumers and American businesses. I thank Chairman Upton, Ranking Member Waxman and my counterpart, Mr. Butterfield, for their dedication to this issue, and I urge the Senate to pass this important and time-sensitive legislation.”


 

Law Offices of Steven W. Hansen | www.swhlaw.com | 562 866 6228 © Copyright 1996-2008 Conditions of Use

July 21, 2011

CPSC announces lead limit on childrens products will be reduced from 300ppm to 100ppm effective August 14, 2011


Update to this story posted August 2, 2011

Unfortunately the CPSC decided to move forward and reduce the lead content in products intended for "children" from 300ppm to 100ppm (parts per million) effective August 14, 2011. (Originally it was 600ppm when the law first took effect) This unfortunately was required by Congress, provided the CPSC in its rulemeaking function determined that it was "technologically feasible" to get the lead down to 100ppm. As the bicycle industry indicated in testimony before the CPSC this effectively eliminates the use of all recycled steel frames, most of which are used to make low cost children's bikes (low cost is helpful here as the children quickly outgrow the bikes). The bicycle industry also indicated that at this point in time lead testing results were not very reliable when you try to reach below 300ppm. Ahh..but its "technologically" feasible with NASA level equipment. Well sure, but we are not building a space shuttle and the recreational sports industry does not have NASA's "budget" (tax dollars).

The CPSC of course focused on "technologically" feasible, not "economically" or "reasonably" feasible. Thank you congressional staffer that used a poor choice of words. (see definition in bold below which was what the CPSC was using as guideance).

The bigger point here is that this law was flawed from the start. No children in the USA are dying or  getting sick from lead poisoning in toys, bicycles or motorcycles. The biggest "lead" threat to children does not come from consumer products. The law should only have applied only to specific items likely to go in a child's mouth (shown by empirical evidence). Bicycles, motorcycles and most recreational products don't. Unfortunately Congress chased lead (and a few select phthalates) as the only bogeyman (thanks to misled consumers and the media) and did not even focus on the most plentiful sources of lead to kids. We need to focus on what is really harming kids in the US. Lead is not in the top 20. The bigger problem is the whole race to go from 600ppm to 100pm is futile and will not insure any greater safety, but will incur exponentially more costs for small businesses. This is the problem with regulation. "Regulation" always looks and sounds good from 20,000 feet up until people that really have to make the widgets take a close look at it and what will really be required to implement it. Then you see the nightmare train wreck. But people with lifetime jobs in Government could care less about your small business job. And we wonder why unemployment is still so stubbornly high.

We all thought the CPSC would do the right thing in implementing the law via regulations, but the fact is that no one is willing to stick their neck out in government and declare the "emperor has no clothes" (or that this law and the 100ppm standard really does nothing at all to protect children and just harms US small businesses). The same is true in Congress. If a legislator came out and said reducing lead 600ppm to 100ppm means nothing to children's safety the "children's lobby" would accuse then of "wanting to harm children and puppy dogs". Some have come out and been bold but were outnumbered and outvoted.

There have been numerous bills to address some of the problems in the CPSIA since 2008. None really have moved thru Congress which in the last two years has been in a state of panicked deadline gridlock. Now with the debt crisis coming to a head on August 2, 2011 there are very few days to deal with this issue before the August 14, 2011 deadline. The National Association of Manufacturers is taking their best shot in an ad campaign here:


National Association of Manufacturers Ad Campaign regarding HR 1939


The only thing on the table now with any hope of passing (any time this summer) is HR 1939 which has been stalled in "mark up" since Mid May 2011.


So starting on August 14, 2011 manufacturers and distributors of children's products must comply with the new 100 ppm federal limit for total lead content. CPSC will not enforce the CPSIA's independent third party testing requirement for total lead content until December 31, 2011, due to a stay of enforcement that is already in place. There are some legitimate questions and ambiguities regarding how the new 100 ppm requirement interacts with the latest "bicycle-motorcycle stay" thru December 31, 2011.


The first is whether or not your company complied with the stay's initial requirements (which required some onerous reporting) and if you failed to do that whether or not you can take advantage of the stay thru December 31, 2011.


The second is to keep in mind that as to bicycles the stay only deals with components made with metal alloys, including steel containing up to 0.35 percent lead, aluminum with up to 0.4 percent lead, and copper with up to 4.0 percent lead. (see 74 FR at 31257 for all details)


Finally there is a question as to how the stay thru December 31, 2011 interacts with the current 100 ppm lead requirement. One could argue that you have to make sure lead is below 100 ppm in your children's product but you don't have to "test and certify". Apparently this sort of "catch 22" makes sense to people in government. The reality is that the CPSC likely will not be chasing down manufactures of bicycles and motorcycles on the 100 ppm requirement until after December 31, 2011, but I would not want to bet my company on that or anything the CPSC may or may not do. They are just too unpredictable these days.


Finally, to add to the confusion, lead content levels for children's products (the base material) are different than the so called "lead paint/coatings standard" which has been .009 percent since August 14, 2009.

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
July 15, 2011
Release #11-278
CPSC Announces New, Lower Limit for Lead Content in Children’s Products

WASHINGTON, D.C. - The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) voted (3-2) that there was insufficient evidence to make a determination that manufacturers of children’s products sold in the United States could not meet a total lead content limit of 100 parts per million (ppm) for a product or product category. The new total lead content limit, which is called for in the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA), goes into effect on August 14, 2011 for manufacturers, importers, retailers and distributors of children’s products.

Through the CPSIA, Congress set tough new levels for lead content in products designed or primarily intended for children 12 and younger. Lead is a heavy metal that is toxic for children, and associated with lowered levels of learning, impaired hearing, brain damage and, at high levels, can be fatal.

Congress directed CPSC to phase in the reduced levels for lead content over a three year period, starting with 600 ppm on February 10, 2009. The level dropped to 300 ppm on August 14, 2009. Finally, Congress directed the total lead content limit be set at 100 ppm, unless the Commission determined it was not technologically feasible for a product or product category.

The Commission was not able to determine that 100 ppm total lead content is not technologically feasible, as staff found that materials containing less than 100 ppm total lead content are commercially available in the marketplace for manufacturers. CPSC staff also found many products currently on the market, that have been tested by CPSC or other organizations, that are already in compliance with the new 100 ppm total lead content limit.

Starting on August 14, 2011, manufacturers, importers, retailers and distributors of children’s products must comply with the new 100 ppm federal limit for total lead content. CPSC will not enforce the CPSIA’s independent third party testing requirement for total lead content until December 31, 2011, due to a stay of enforcement that is already in place.

The stay of enforcement does not apply to children’s metal jewelry, which currently must undergo independent third party testing.

The new 100 ppm lead content limit does not apply to inaccessible (internal) parts of children’s products and certain component parts of children’s electronic devices, like electronic connectors and plugs, including headphone plugs.

Lead content levels for children’s products are different from the levels Congress set for lead in paint or surface coatings. The limit for lead in paint or surface coatings is .009 percent. The .009 percent level has been in place since August 14, 2009 and independent third party testing is required for all paints or surfaces coatings used on children’s products.

Commissioner's Statements: Chairman Inez Tenenbaum and Commissioner Nancy Nord (both PDF).

[Federal Register Volume 76, Number 46 (Wednesday, March 9, 2011)] [Notices] [Pages 12944-12945] From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov] [FR Doc No: 2011-5231]

CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION

[Docket No. CPSC-2010-0080]

Children's Products Containing Lead; Technological Feasibility of 100 ppm for Lead Content; Notice, Reopening of the Hearing Record

AGENCY: U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission.

ACTION: Notice, reopening of the hearing record.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: Section 101(a) of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (``CPSIA'') provides that, as of August 14, 2011, children's products may not contain more than 100 parts per million (``ppm'') of lead unless the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (``CPSC,'' ``Commission,'' or ``we'') determines that such a limit is not technologically feasible. The Commission may make such a determination only after notice and a hearing and after analyzing the public health protections associated with substantially reducing lead in children's products. On February 16, 2011, the Commission conducted a public hearing to receive views from all interested parties about the technological feasibility of meeting the 100 ppm lead content limit for children's products and associated public health considerations. Individual Commissioners requested at the hearing that certain participants respond to additional questions in writing, as well as submit relevant studies and additional data referenced in oral presentations. Accordingly, through this notice, the Commission is reopening the hearing record until March 24, 2011.

ADDRESSES: Supplemental Materials identified by Docket No. CPSC-2010- 0080 may be submitted by any of the following methods:

Electronic Submissions

Supplemental Materials may be submitted to the Office of the Secretary by e-mail at cpsc-os@cpsc.gov.

Written Submissions

Submit written submissions in the following way: Mail/Hand delivery/Courier (for paper, disk, or CD-ROM submissions), preferably in five copies, to: Office of the Secretary, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Room 502, 4330 East West Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814; telephone (301) 504-7923.

Instructions: All submissions received must include the agency name and docket number for this notice. All materials received may be posted without change, including any personal identifiers, contact information, or other personal information provided, to http://www.regulations.gov. Do not submit confidential business information, trade secret information, or other sensitive or protected information electronically. Such information should be submitted in writing.

Docket: For access to the docket to read background documents or comments received, go to: http://www.regulations.gov.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Concerning submission of materials: Rockelle Hammond, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Bethesda, MD 20814; telephone: (301) 504-6833; e-mail: cpscos@cpsc.gov. For all other matters: Dominique Williams, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Bethesda, MD 20814; telephone: (301) 504-7597; e-mail: dwilliams@cpsc.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Section 101(a)(2)(C) of the CPSIA (15 U.S.C. 1278a(a)(2)(C)) provides that, as of August 14, 2011, children's products may not contain more than 100 parts per million (ppm) of lead unless the Commission determines that such a limit is not technologically feasible. The Commission may make this determination only after notice and a hearing and after analyzing the public health protections associated with substantially reducing lead in children's products. Section 101(d) of the CPSIA (15 U.S.C. 1278a(d)) provides that a lead limit shall be deemed technologically feasible with regard to a product or product category if:

(1) A product that complies with the limit is commercially available in the product category;

(2) Technology to comply with the limit is commercially available to manufacturers or is otherwise available within the common meaning of the term;

(3) Industrial strategies or devices have been developed that are capable or will be capable of achieving such a limit by the effective date of the limit and that companies, acting in good faith, are generally capable of adopting; or

(4) Alternative practices, best practices, or other operational changes would allow the manufacturer to comply with the limit.

In the Federal Register of January 26, 2011 (76 FR 4641), we published a notice (``hearing notice'') announcing that the Commission would hold a public hearing pursuant to section 101(a) of the CPSIA. The hearing notice stated that the Commission was seeking information on specific issues, such as whether any product or product category already complies with the 100 ppm limit and what factors or considerations we should evaluate in deciding whether a technology is ``commercially available.''

We held the hearing on February 16, 2011. We heard presentations by and received comments from consumer groups, manufacturers, associations, and laboratories regarding the technological feasibility of meeting the 100 ppm lead content limit. At the hearing, individual Commissioners requested that certain participants respond to additional questions in writing and submit relevant studies and additional data. Through this notice, we are announcing that we have placed individual Commissioner's additional questions into the docket and will place any responses into the docket. The questions submitted and responses that are received will be made available on http://www.regulations.gov under Docket No. CPSC-2010-0080, Supporting and Related Material. The Commission will consider any additional material received during the reopening of the hearing record, in addition to information collected at the hearing, in the course of evaluating its response. The Commission is reopening the hearing record to add individual Commissioner's questions to the docket and allow for responses to those questions, and so the hearing record will remain open until March 24, 2011.

Dated: March 3, 2011. Todd A. Stevenson, Secretary, Consumer Product Safety Commission. [FR Doc. 2011-5231 Filed 3-8-11; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 6355-01-P

Law Offices of Steven W. Hansen | www.swhlaw.com | 562 866 6228 © Copyright 1996-2008 Conditions of Use